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Materials Glossary Details

Embroidery

Mactaggart Art Collection Read more about this collection »

TypeMaterials Glossary; Surface Decoration

Term Embroidery Type Materials Glossary; Surface Decoration Definition

Embroidery describes the surface decoration of a fabric using a needle to apply thread, yarns, or other materials, including metal-wrapped threads, small pearls and peacock feathers spun into yarns. Often considered…

Embroidery describes the surface decoration of a fabric using a needle to apply thread, yarns, or other materials, including metal-wrapped threads, small pearls and peacock feathers spun into yarns. Often considered a decorative art that represents the height of women’s handiwork, it was an essential part of high-ranking young women’s education1. There are four main schools of embroidery: Shu embroidery (from Sichan), Xiang embroidery (from Hunan), Su embroidery (from Suzhou) and Yue (from Guangdong) embroidery. Accomplished embroiderers were considered artists in their own right.


Various stitches are made by hand to give a painterly quality to the surface design. Satin stitches in both long and short lengths create depth and movement in the embroidered design. Couching stitches are used to embroider metal-wrapped threads, as the thread would not be strong or flexible enough to go through the fabric. A second thread (a plain silk yarn with no metal foil) in a variety of colours is used to secure the metal-wrapped thread. Furthermore, the high cost of producing metal-wrapped threads meant that the maker would not want to obscure half of the thread length under the fabric surface, as would be the case with typical running stitches. Another frequently used embroidery stitch is the “Peking knot stitch” (also referred to as da zi, the “seed stitch”), in which the threaded needle enters the fabric from the back side, the thread is wrapped around itself three or four times, and the needle returns through the fabric. This stitch is often used to define details or act as a filler2. The patience and preciseness required to successfully execute this stitch required even tension, an exact placing of stitches, and may have caused severe eye strain to the skilled embroiderer.


Related Definitions:


Fiber: Natural (plant or animal) or synthetic material formed into a thread that is longer than it is wide.


Warp: lengthwise yarn that runs from the top to the bottom of the fabric. This yarn is typically held stationary during weaving.


Weft (or Fill or Filling Yarns): crosswise yarn that runs selvedge to selvedge, under and over the warp yarns in varying patterns to create different weave structures.


Yarn: A continuous length of interlocked fibers, which may or may not be twisted.

Plain Weave (or Tabby Weave): the most basic weave structure that consists of one warp and one weft thread intersecting at a right angle. The front and backside of the resulting fabric are the same.


Satin Weave: Four or more weft yarns intersecting with a warp yarn, or vice versa. The resulting floats, which are sections of the yarn that do not intersect, appear on the face of the fabric, producing a very glossy, smooth, and flat appearance.


Twill Weave: one weft thread passing over one or more warp threads and then under two or more warp threads creating diagonal ridges, which are the identifying feature of the resulting fabric.


1 Dieter Kuhn et al., Chinese Silks (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012), 468.

2 Young Yang Chung, The Art of Oriental Embroidery: History, Aesthetics, and Techniques (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1983), 37.

© 2022 University of Alberta
© 2022 University of Alberta
© 2022 University of Alberta

Citation

Page Citation for Embroidery

Page Citation

"Materials Glossary Details - Embroidery, Mactaggart Art Collection." University of Alberta Museums Search Site, https://search.museums.ualberta.ca/g/8-272227/21-19251. Accessed 13 Oct. 2024.

Object Information

There are 553 objects associated with this Materials Glossary Term

2005.5.4 - Embroidered Silk Vest for a Woman

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typevest Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown

2005.5.5 - Silk Gauze Vest for a Woman

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typevest Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown

2005.5.7 - Yellow Silk Dragon Robe for Empress or Imperial Consort

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typerobe Artistunknown Date Made1723 - 1750

2005.5.8 - Blue Silk Dragon Robe

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typerobe Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown

2005.5.9 - Imperial Yellow Silk Semi Formal Court Robe for an Empress

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typerobe Artistunknown Date Made1775-1795

2005.5.10 - Imperial Yellow Silk Damask Informal Robe for an Empress

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typerobe Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown

2005.5.19 - Cream Silk Embroidered Vest for a Child

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typevest Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown

2005.5.20 - Tiger Shaped Blue Silk Bib for a Child

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typebib Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown

2005.5.21 - Embroidered Blue Silk Table Frontal

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typetable frontal Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown

2005.5.22 - Embroidered Blue Silk Gauze Imperial Table Frontal

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typetable frontal Artistunknown Date Made1736-1795

2005.5.25 - Embroidered Blue Silk Panel

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typepanel Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown

2005.5.29 - Blue Silk Fragmentary Panel

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typepanel Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown

2005.5.33 - Blue Silk Yardage Fragment for an Uncut Dragon Robe

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typeyardage Artistunknown Date Madeca. 1890

2005.5.34 - Yellow Silk Fragmentary Panel

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typepanel Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown

2005.5.35 - Yellow Silk Panel made from a Fragment of a Woman's Skirt or Apron

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typepanel Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown

2005.5.38 - Silk Panel made from a Fragment of a Woman's Skirt

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typepanel Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown

2005.5.39 - Front Panel of a Rank Badge for a Civil Official

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typerank badge Artistunknown Date Made1821-1850

2005.5.40 - Embroidered Red Silk Daoist Priest Robe

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typerobe Artistunknown Date Madeca. 1800

2005.5.42 - Two Blue Silk Panels made from Fragments of a Woman's Skirt

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typepanel Artistunknown Date Madeca. 1900

2005.5.44 - Fragment of Embroidered Silk

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typepanel Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown

2005.5.45 - Cream Silk Panel made from a Fragment of a Woman's Skirt

Mactaggart Art Collection

Object Typepanel Artistunknown Date Madedate unknown