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Species Details
Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium Read more about this collection »
Leaves2-4 (usually 3) leaves; sessile; egg to lance-shaped; hairless; 4-10 cm long (Moss, 1983). Alternate (Johnson et al., 1995). No basal leaves; margins entire; 1-4 cm wide (E-Flora BC).
FlowersUnbranched elongated inflorescence; matures bottom upwards (raceme); flowers long stalks; axis zig-zag; 3-8 flowers; sepals and petals 3 mm long; 6 stamens (Moss, 1983). Raceme 2-5 cm long; terminal; white to greenish-white (E-Flora BC).
Fruits and SeedsDark red berries (Moss, 1983). 6 mm wide (Johnson et al., 1995). 1-2 seeds (E-Flora BC).
Scientific Name
Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
Common Name
three-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
General Description
A slender perennial herb that develops from a branching rhizome to a height of 5-20 cm tall; bears white flowers (Moss, 1983).
Leaves
2-4 (usually 3) leaves; sessile; egg to lance-shaped; hairless; 4-10 cm long (Moss, 1983). Alternate (Johnson et al., 1995). No basal leaves; margins entire; 1-4 cm wide (E-Flora BC).
Flowers
Unbranched elongated inflorescence; matures bottom upwards (raceme); flowers long stalks; axis zig-zag; 3-8 flowers; sepals and petals 3 mm long; 6 stamens (Moss, 1983). Raceme 2-5 cm long; terminal; white to…
Unbranched elongated inflorescence; matures bottom upwards (raceme); flowers long stalks; axis zig-zag; 3-8 flowers; sepals and petals 3 mm long; 6 stamens (Moss, 1983). Raceme 2-5 cm long; terminal; white to greenish-white (E-Flora BC).
Fruits and Seeds
Dark red berries (Moss, 1983). 6 mm wide (Johnson et al., 1995). 1-2 seeds (E-Flora BC).
Phenology
May to September (JSTOR).
Notes
2n=36 (Moss, 1983). Also known as Maianthemum trifolium (E-Flora BC). The berries are not poisonous but the Chipewyans found them to be inedible (Johnson et al., 1995).
Similar species:
Smilacina stellata/Maianthemum…
2n=36 (Moss, 1983). Also known as Maianthemum trifolium (E-Flora BC). The berries are not poisonous but the Chipewyans found them to be inedible (Johnson et al., 1995).
Similar species:
Smilacina stellata/Maianthemum stellatum: star-flowered solomon’s-seal; has 6-12 leaves and grows in wetlands instead of upland habitats (Johnson et al., 1995).
Maianthemum canadense: wild lily of the valley; has 4-parted flowers and does not grow in bogs or fens (Johnson et al., 1995).
Range/Distribution
Alberta: Central and northern part of the province (Canadensys). CAN (BC, SK, MB, ON, QC, NL, NS, NB, PE, YT, NT, NU); USA (MT, MN, WI, MI, OH, PA, NJ, NY, VT, MA, CT, RI, ME, NH) (USDA).
Citation
Page Citation for Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
Page Citation
"Species Details - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf., University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium." University of Alberta Museums Search Site, https://search.museums.ualberta.ca/g/1-3876/12-4781. Accessed 05 Jan. 2025.
Specimen Information
There are 111 specimens of this Species.
36440 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Ma-Me-O Beach
Date Collected1950-07-17
36439 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Fort Saskatchewan
Date Collected1951-06-08
36444 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Fort Saskatchewan
Date Collected1935-06-23
36443 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Ma-Me-O Beach
Date Collected1947-07-22
5031 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place Collectedunknown
Date Collected1895-06-28
21901 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Kikino
Date Collected1967-06-02
45415 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Jasper National Park, Vine Creek
Date Collected1971-05-27
39999 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Swan Dive Tower
Date Collected1968-08-09
45191 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Edson
Date Collected1972-09-03
40638 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Cooking Lake
Date Collected1970-06-10
38728 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Calling Lake
Date Collected1968-08-23
37560 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Clearwater River
Date Collected1971-06-18
39216 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Grande Prairie
Date Collected1971-08-28
40627 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Rochester
Date Collected1970-06-14
28310 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, May Hill
Date Collected1969-06-12
40898 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Spring Creek
Date Collected1969-07-27
28276 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Mildred Lake
Date Collected1969-06-11
28255 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Algar Tower Airport
Date Collected1969-06-10
28828 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Embarras River
Date Collected1968-07-05
28912 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, No Name Creek
Date Collected1968-07-04
27833 - Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium
Common Namethree-leaved solomon’s-seal; three-leaved false solomon’s-seal
Place CollectedNorth America: Canada, Alberta, Wandering River
Date Collected1968-06-20